Meningococcal prophylaxis timing for close contacts is best described as which of the following?

• A. Within 7 days
• B. Within 24 hours
• C. Within 2 weeks
• D. Immediately after exposure

Answer: (A)

Post-exposure prophylaxis for meningococcal disease is all about stopping nasopharyngeal carriage in people who were recently exposed, especially close contacts, to prevent a secondary case. The protective effect comes from eradicating carriage quickly, since the window for transmission and development of disease is limited. In practice, guidelines emphasize starting prophylaxis within seven days of exposure because this covers the period when exposure is most likely to lead to carriage and potential illness. Earlier treatment is even better—ideally within 24 hours if possible—but the commonly tested timeframe is within seven days. Prophylaxis with agents like rifampin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftriaxone is most effective when begun promptly, reducing the risk of subsequent cases. Waiting beyond seven days diminishes the chance of preventing disease.